In 1923, cobalt was used as a binder to make practical cemented carbide. Later, new components and coating technologies were developed to improve its performance, forming complete grade systems and greatly extending tool life.
This article outlines the evolution of cemented carbide: ordinary steel softens above 200°C; high‑speed steel (1898) raised heat resistance to 600°C but remained limited by its steel matrix. By abandoning steel and using tungsten carbide with a cobalt binder, after 30 years of development, cemented carbide broke the “200°C trap” and became the foundation of modern cutting tools.
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