Discover how tiny additives like vanadium, tantalum, and rare earth elements transform tungsten carbide into super-materials. Learn the science behind grain control, red hardness, and additive engineering.
In 1923, cobalt was used as a binder to make practical cemented carbide. Later, new components and coating technologies were developed to improve its performance, forming complete grade systems and greatly extending tool life.
This article outlines the evolution of cemented carbide: ordinary steel softens above 200°C; high‑speed steel (1898) raised heat resistance to 600°C but remained limited by its steel matrix. By abandoning steel and using tungsten carbide with a cobalt binder, after 30 years of development, cemented carbide broke the “200°C trap” and became the foundation of modern cutting tools.
This introduces key properties of cemented carbide, including hardness, coercive field strength, magnetic saturation, density, TRS and fracture toughness. It also covers metallographic analysis for assessing alloy structure, cobalt distribution and porosity.
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